What is a mood disorder?
A mood disorder is a mental health condition that primarily affects a person's persistent emotional state or mood. Mood disorders can be cyclic, with periods of mania and depression, or involve a continual depressed mood. The two main types are:
- Major depressive disorder: Characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. Other symptoms may include fatigue, sleep issues, appetite changes, feelings of worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts.
- Bipolar disorder: Involves cycles of high energy with an elevated mood (mania) and periods of depression. Manic phases may include increased activity levels, less need for sleep, racing thoughts, impulsive behavior, and inflated self-confidence.
What causes mood disorders?
Researchers believe mood disorders result from a complex interaction of:
- Brain chemistry imbalances - Neurotransmitter abnormalities involving serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine appear to play a key role.
- Hormones - Changes in the balance of stress hormones, thyroid hormone, and reproductive hormones may contribute.
- Genetics - Mood disorders often run in families, suggesting genetic factors.
- Environmental stress - Trauma, grief, sleep deprivation, medical illnesses, and substance abuse can trigger mood episodes.
How are mood disorders treated?
Today mood disorders are highly treatable conditions. Treatment plans are tailored to each person but generally involve:
- Medications - Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotic medications help regulate brain chemicals.
- Psychotherapy - Talk therapy helps people understand triggers, manage symptoms day-to-day, and make healthy lifestyle changes. Cognitive behavioral therapy is commonly used.
- Self-care - Regular exercise, healthy diet, stress management, adequate sleep, and a good support system aid recovery.
- Brain stimulation therapies - ECT may quickly treat severe depression. TMS is a non-invasive option.
With appropriate professional treatment and self-care, most people with mood disorders can effectively manage their symptoms and regain a good quality of life.
For personalized treatment options, consider consulting with the experts at Harmonize Care.